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Understanding CGNAT (Carrier-Grade NAT / NAT444) Continuing from our discussion on why you shouldn’t use public IPs in DHCP networks , let’s dive deeper into what Internet Service Providers (ISPs) do when they run out of public IPv4 addresses. The answer lies in a system called Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT) — also known as NAT444 . 🌐 Why CGNAT Exists The Internet runs primarily on IPv4, which uses 32-bit addresses — a maximum of about 4.3 billion unique IPs. When the internet started, that number seemed huge. But as the number of devices, mobile users, and ISPs exploded, the available IPv4 pool began to dry up. ISPs faced a dilemma: assign each customer a unique public IP and eventually run out, or find a way to share a smaller number of IPs among thousands of users. That’s where CGNAT comes in. CGNAT allows multiple subscribers to share a single publi...

RCA Hindi Lang Para sa Incidents: Ang Lihim na Lakas ng Root Cause Analysis Usually, ginagamit lang natin ang Root Cause Analysis (RCA) kapag may nangyaring mali — tulad ng machine breakdown, project delay, o customer complaint. Pero kung iisipin mo, parang nag-aalaga ka lang ng kalusugan kapag may sakit ka na. 😅 Ang totoo, RCA ay hindi lang pang-incident report — ito ay disiplina ng pag-aaral at continuous improvement. Para kang general sa gera — hindi lang niya inaalala kung paano siya nanalo, pinag-aaralan din niya kung bakit siya natalo . Ano nga ba ang RCA? (Simplehan Natin) Think of RCA as detective work para sa business mo 🕵️‍♀️. Hindi lang ito tungkol sa “anong nangyari,” kundi “ bakit ito nangyari?” Kapag nahanap mo ang ugat, sure ka na hindi na ito mauulit. 1. Identify the problem. 2. Collect clues. 3. Ask “Why?” over and over. 4. Find the real cause. 5. Fix and verify. Bakit Dapat Gamitin ang RCA Kahit Walang Incident Imagine mo kung...