Understanding CGNAT (Carrier-Grade NAT / NAT444)
Understanding CGNAT (Carrier-Grade NAT / NAT444) Continuing from our discussion on why you shouldn’t use public IPs in DHCP networks , let’s dive deeper into what Internet Service Providers (ISPs) do when they run out of public IPv4 addresses. The answer lies in a system called Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT) — also known as NAT444 . 🌐 Why CGNAT Exists The Internet runs primarily on IPv4, which uses 32-bit addresses — a maximum of about 4.3 billion unique IPs. When the internet started, that number seemed huge. But as the number of devices, mobile users, and ISPs exploded, the available IPv4 pool began to dry up. ISPs faced a dilemma: assign each customer a unique public IP and eventually run out, or find a way to share a smaller number of IPs among thousands of users. That’s where CGNAT comes in. CGNAT allows multiple subscribers to share a single publi...