Posts

Understanding CGNAT (Carrier-Grade NAT / NAT444)

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Understanding CGNAT (Carrier-Grade NAT / NAT444) Continuing from our discussion on why you shouldn’t use public IPs in DHCP networks , let’s dive deeper into what Internet Service Providers (ISPs) do when they run out of public IPv4 addresses. The answer lies in a system called Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT) — also known as NAT444 . 🌐 Why CGNAT Exists The Internet runs primarily on IPv4, which uses 32-bit addresses — a maximum of about 4.3 billion unique IPs. When the internet started, that number seemed huge. But as the number of devices, mobile users, and ISPs exploded, the available IPv4 pool began to dry up. ISPs faced a dilemma: assign each customer a unique public IP and eventually run out, or find a way to share a smaller number of IPs among thousands of users. That’s where CGNAT comes in. CGNAT allows multiple subscribers to share a single publi...

RCA Hindi Lang Para sa Incidents

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RCA Hindi Lang Para sa Incidents: Ang Lihim na Lakas ng Root Cause Analysis Usually, ginagamit lang natin ang Root Cause Analysis (RCA) kapag may nangyaring mali — tulad ng machine breakdown, project delay, o customer complaint. Pero kung iisipin mo, parang nag-aalaga ka lang ng kalusugan kapag may sakit ka na. 😅 Ang totoo, RCA ay hindi lang pang-incident report — ito ay disiplina ng pag-aaral at continuous improvement. Para kang general sa gera — hindi lang niya inaalala kung paano siya nanalo, pinag-aaralan din niya kung bakit siya natalo . Ano nga ba ang RCA? (Simplehan Natin) Think of RCA as detective work para sa business mo 🕵️‍♀️. Hindi lang ito tungkol sa “anong nangyari,” kundi “ bakit ito nangyari?” Kapag nahanap mo ang ugat, sure ka na hindi na ito mauulit. 1. Identify the problem. 2. Collect clues. 3. Ask “Why?” over and over. 4. Find the real cause. 5. Fix and verify. Bakit Dapat Gamitin ang RCA Kahit Walang Incident Imagine mo kung...

RCA Is Not Only for Incidents: The Hidden Power of Root Cause Analysis

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RCA Is Not Only for Incidents: The Hidden Power of Root Cause Analysis Introduction – RCA Isn’t Just for When Things Go Wrong Most people think RCA (Root Cause Analysis) is something you only use after a disaster — like when a machine breaks, a project fails, or a customer gets angry. But that’s like visiting the doctor only after you collapse. RCA is more than a fix-it tool — it’s a smart way to learn, prevent, and improve before problems explode. Think like a general: Great generals study how wars were lost to avoid repeating mistakes. Smart businesses use RCA to study defeat patterns — not to blame, but to build stronger strategies. What Exactly Is RCA? (Explained Simply) Think of RCA like detective work for your business. 🕵️‍♀️ Instead of just fixing a symptom, you dig deeper and ask “ Why? ” over and over until you find the real reason behind a problem. How RCA Works (Simple Steps) Spot the problem: What went wron...

My Proxmox Journey: From Zero to an Enterprise-Like Setup

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My Proxmox Journey: From Zero to an Enterprise-Like Setup How a beginner can build a real, production-style homelab using Proxmox — step by step and one service at a time. Everything Runs on Proxmox (Except the Router) Almost everything in my homelab runs inside Proxmox VE , my main virtualization platform. Only my bare-metal Mikrotik router sits outside it — the router handles the network edge, internet routing, VLANs, DHCP, and firewall rules. Proxmox acts like a mini data center at home — it lets me run VMs (virtual machines) and LXCs (lightweight containers). I use LXCs for lightweight services and VMs for workloads that need more isolation or resources. What’s Inside My Proxmox Host Type Tool Function LXC Zabbix Server Monitors my network and systems LXC rsyslog Collects and centralizes logs LXC n8n Automatio...

YAML for Dummies

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🧩 YAML for Dummies: A Simple Explanation You Can Actually Understand Confused about YAML? This is your Taglish-inspired English guide — a plain and straightforward explanation of what YAML is, how it works, and how you can use it in your Windows or Linux server setup — minus the tech jargon. Introduction Stop me if this sounds familiar: You open a  .yml  file, and suddenly you freeze. There are dashes, colons, and weird spacing — like there’s a secret pattern only YAML masters understand. You think it’s just a simple text file, but your setup fails because of an  “indentation error.” Don’t worry — you’re not alone. Many beginners (and even experienced devs!) get stressed with YAML. It looks simple, but it’s extremely  picky  — one wrong space, and your whole config breaks. Here’s the thing though: almost every modern tool uses YAML. Docker? YAML. GitHub Actions? YAML. Kubernetes? Definitely YAML. So whether you like it or not, you’ll eventually need to understa...

YAML for Dummies (Taglish Edition)

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🧩 YAML for Dummies (Taglish Edition): Simpleng Paliwanag para Mas Madaling Intindihin Nalilito ka ba sa YAML? Eto ang Taglish guide na simple, diretsong paliwanag kung ano ang YAML, paano ito gumagana, at paano gamitin sa Windows at Linux server setup — minus the tech jargon. 🧠 Introduction Stop me if you’ve heard this one before: Nagbukas ka ng  .yml  file, tapos bigla kang na-freeze. May mga dash, colon, tapos puro spaces — parang may secret pattern na ikaw lang ang ‘di nakaka-decode. Akala mo simpleng text file lang, pero ayaw mag-run kasi  “indentation error”  daw. Don’t worry — hindi ka nag-iisa. Maraming baguhang devs (at kahit mga sanay na!) ang nai-stress sa YAML. Mukhang simple, pero sobrang  arte  — isang maling space lang, patay agad ang config mo. Pero eto ang catch: halos lahat ng modern tools ngayon umaasa sa YAML. Docker? YAML. GitHub Actions? YAML. Kubernetes? Definitely YAML. So kahit ayaw mo, darating ang panahon na kailangan mo talaga s...

Why You Shouldn’t Use Public IPs in DHCP for Ordinary Networks

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📰 Why You Shouldn’t Use Public IPs in DHCP for Ordinary Networks 🔍 Introduction Many new network enthusiasts often ask: “Can I configure my DHCP server to hand out public IP addresses?” Technically,  yes, it’s possible  — but for an  ordinary home or small business network , it’s  not recommended  and can even  cause serious security and routing problems . In this blog, we’ll explain  why you shouldn’t use public IPs in DHCP  on a normal network setup — and when it’s actually appropriate to do so. 🧩 What Are DHCP and Public IPs? DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)  – automatically assigns IP addresses to devices (e.g., laptops, phones, printers). Public IPs  – addresses visible on the global internet. Private IPs  – addresses used only inside your local network (e.g. 192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x, 172.16–31.x.x). In a typical setup, your DHCP server (usually your router) distributes  private IPs , not public ones. 🚫 Why You ...